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Terminal Preview

Terminal Preview The Terminal environment is particularly useful for:
  1. Command-line focused tasks and operations
  2. Server administration and system configuration
  3. Text-based programming and debugging
  4. Resource-efficient remote access when GUI is not needed

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Access the Terminal

  1. If the instructor recommends using the terminal environment by default for the Lab, you’ll see the terminal environment when you start it.
  2. You can create additional terminal sessions by clicking the + button at the top of the interface.
Terminal Tabs

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Environment Features

The Terminal Interface provides several key features:
  1. Multiple Terminal Sessions:
    • Create new sessions using the + button
    • Switch between sessions using tabs
    • Close sessions individually as needed
  2. Full Ubuntu Environment:
    • Based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
    • Access to standard Ubuntu repositories
    • Support for common command-line tools and utilities
  3. Text-Based Tools:
    • Vim/Nano text editors
    • Command-line compilers and interpreters
    • Package management via apt
    • Git for version control

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TTYD Features

The Terminal Interface is powered by TTYD (Terminal Over HTTP) and provides several advanced features: Using tmux Commands: 
# Create splits
tmux split-window -h     # Split vertically
tmux split-window -v     # Split horizontally
tmux split-window -hf    # Full-height vertical split
tmux split-window -vf    # Full-width horizontal split

# Navigate between panes
tmux select-pane -L      # Move to left pane
tmux select-pane -R      # Move to right pane
tmux select-pane -U      # Move to upper pane
tmux select-pane -D      # Move to lower pane

# Resize panes
tmux resize-pane -L 10   # Resize 10 cells to the left
tmux resize-pane -R 10   # Resize 10 cells to the right
tmux resize-pane -U 5    # Resize 5 cells up
tmux resize-pane -D 5    # Resize 5 cells down

# Additional operations
tmux kill-pane          # Close current pane
tmux select-layout tiled # Balance pane sizes
Terminal Split Screen

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Scrolling in tmux

By default, mouse scrolling is disabled in LabEx VM environments. This allows you to easily select and copy text using your mouse directly. If you prefer to use mouse scrolling for navigating terminal output, you can enable it manually. Temporarily Enable Mouse Scrolling: To enable mouse scrolling for the current session, run the following command in the terminal: 
tmux set -g mouse on
Permanently Enable Mouse Scrolling: To enable mouse scrolling by default for all future sessions, run: 
echo 'set -g mouse on' >> ~/.tmux.conf && tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf
Notes on Copying:
  • When mouse mode is enabled, you cannot select and copy text using the mouse in the traditional way.
  • To copy text while mouse mode is on, you can temporarily disable it with tmux set -g mouse off, or hold the Shift key while selecting text (depending on your terminal emulator).

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Usage Scenarios

Common terminal commands you’ll use:
# File and Directory Operations
ls -la           # List all files with details
cd /path/to/dir  # Change directory
mkdir new-dir    # Create directory
rm -rf dir       # Remove directory

# System Information
uname -a         # System information
df -h            # Disk usage
top              # Process monitor
You can use various text editors:
  1. Vim:
vim filename.txt  # Open/create file in Vim
  1. Nano:
nano filename.txt # Open/create file in Nano
Both editors are pre-installed and ready to use.
Install and manage software packages:
# Update package list
sudo apt update

# Install new packages
sudo apt install package-name

# Remove packages
sudo apt remove package-name

# Search for packages
apt search keyword

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Frequently Asked Questions

TTYD supports several methods for copy/paste:
  1. Using Mouse:
    • Select text to copy
    • Right-click to paste
  2. Using Keyboard:
    • Copy: Ctrl+Insert or Ctrl+Shift+C
    • Paste: Shift+Insert or Ctrl+Shift+V
Note: Actual shortcuts may vary depending on your browser and operating system.
Yes, you can transfer files using command-line tools:
  1. For text content:
    • Copy and paste directly into the terminal
    • Use text editors to create and modify files
  2. For binary files:
    • Use the WebIDE interface for file uploads/downloads
    • Switch to the WebIDE tab for file management operations Upload Files
Remember that all files are temporary and will be lost when your session ends.
You can install software using apt:
# Update package list
sudo apt update

# Install software
sudo apt install package-name
Note that:
  1. Installations are temporary and will be reset when your session ends
  2. You have full sudo privileges for package management
  3. Only install packages needed for your current lab
The Terminal Interface is ideal when:
  1. You need a lightweight environment that loads quickly
  2. Your tasks are primarily command-line based
  3. You want to focus on terminal commands without GUI distractions
  4. You’re working on a low-bandwidth connection
  5. You’re completing labs that don’t require graphical interfaces
Consider using Desktop or WebIDE interfaces if you need GUI applications or advanced IDE features.
If your terminal becomes unresponsive:
  1. Try pressing Ctrl+C to interrupt the current process
  2. Create a new terminal session using the + button
  3. If needed, refresh the browser page to reset all sessions
Note that refreshing will close all current terminal sessions and start fresh ones.